Chester Clinic

Le0409_00-00_reyhanian

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The use of the Erbium Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (2940nm) in a Laser-Assisted Implant Therapy How far we can push the envelope? author_Dr Avi Reyhanian
fantasy? Does the new technology completely replace The array of available clinical applications for laser the conventional methods and if not, at which point assisted dentistry is growing rapidly, with the greater do we lay the laser's hand piece down and re-employ number of applications being for oral surgery. Er: YAG the "old" tools and conventional ways? laser wavelength is considered to be extremely safe, The article will exhibit, beyond any doubts, that and is the dominant wavelength in dentistry today . Er: Er:YAG laser is very valuable tools and shows promise YAG is one of the most suitable wavelengths for bone and safe as an effective new technical modality for im- applications. The presentation will demonstrate the plant therapy.
use of the Er:YAG laser in the world of implantology, Fig. 1_intrasulcular incision
and the advantages vs. conventional treatment meth- Fig. 2_Midcrestal incision
ods. The purpose in this paper is to put some order into Osseo-integration dental implants have become a Fig. 3_vertical incision for realese
the chaotic information surrounding the subject and routinely recommended procedure in the clinical Fig. 4_Semi lunar incision
to provide some answers to the most common and fre- practice of dentistry 1-4, and have been utilized as a Fig. 5_Granulation tissue
quent questions we often meet: How far we can go successful treatment modality over three decades, Fig. 6_The erbium to ablate the gran-
with this technology? Is it just a marketing tool or with a reported success rate of greater than 90% 5-7,8.
proven therapy? Where is the line between reality and The predictability and success of dental implants has

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secured their place as a standard treatment modality.
cooling: Extremely low thermal damage to surround- Fig. 7_The site image immediate
This technique using the Er:YAG laser presents several ing tissue. Can be used in contact or noncontact mode, advantages vs. conventional treatment methods, and efficient ablation effect for both soft and hard tissue.
Fig. 8_Marking the location of the
there are minimal post-operative complications cou- Delivery system- articulated arm (Fotona), hollow pled with a high rate of success. The Erbium :YAG is one wave guide (Lumenis) , fiber optic ( Biolase, Doctor of the most suitable wavelength for bone applications.
smile, Hoya combio,) or no delivery system (Lite- Fig. 10_The erbium for decortication
The Erbium's energy is highly absorbed in the water Touch,Syneron medical ltd) Fig. 11_Decotrication
component of dental tissue and provides efficient ab- Fig. 12_Recontouring of the soft tis-
lation without the risk of significant thermal dam- What Can We Actually Do Today ,2009, with the sue around the implants age.13 The Er:YAG laser is a thermal laser wavelength Er:YAG Laser,In the World of Implantology which is located in the infrared zone of the electro- 1- Incision- Midcrestal, Vertical , Intrasulculal magnetic spectrum, considered to be extremely safe.
Most of the procedures performed at my practice are 2- Removal of granulation tissue. (Fig. 5, 6, 7) in the realm of surgery and they are all performed with 3-Marking the location and direction of the im- the Er:YAG laser: Today we can observe an inordinate plant – Only lase at the cortical bone. (Fig. 8) lack clarity concerning the clinical uses of the laser in 4-Decortication and GBR technique. (Fig. 9, 10, 11) the field of implantology, and with many doctors in the 5-Reshaping of the soft tissue (flap) around the im- field reality does indeed mix with fantasy.
plants. (Fig. 12, 13, 14)6-Uncovering of submerged implants. (Fig. 15, 16) What do we know about the Er:YAG laser- 2940 nm 7-Flapless implants.(Fig. 17,18,19,20) The Erbium Yttrium Aluminium Garnet laser has a 8-Open sinus lift- Opening the window. wavelength of 2940 nanometres' and emits as a free- running pulsed train of photons in the mid infra-red 9-Periimplantitis treatment. (Fig. 23, 24, 25) portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Got FDA ap- 10-Implant failure treatment. (Fig. 26, 27) proval for hard tissue in 1997. This laser is a thermal 11-Immediate implants in infected sites. laser: interaction between the laser beam and the tar- (Fig. 28, 29, 30, 31) get tissue create heat. Successive laser pulses are 100-200 microseconds in width. The prime chromophore 1-The Erbium laser can make an incision for flap of this laser wavelength is water, which makes it ap- lifting 9-13, such as a crestal incision, or an intrasul- propriate for ablating both hard and soft oral target cular or vertical release incision. The laser produces a tissue. Incident laser energy is absorbed by the chro- wet incision (some bleeding) as opposed to the dry in- mophore, converted into thermal energy which results cision (no bleeding) that is produced by the CO2 laser.
in expansive vaporisation by micro explosions. Such The tip of choice is chisel tip or 200 micron tip, contact action causes a dislocation of the tissue structure and mode, set power 300mj/25pps (7.5 watt.) When per- ablation; often this is accompanied by an audible forming the vertical incision, not to push the end of the "popping" sound. Established high safety in clinical sapphire tip into the soft tissue but rather to gently use. The erbium laser presents availability of water stroke the tissue with the tip. The doctor should lase I xxx _ xxx
Fig. 13_immediate post op
the soft tissue until he feels the contact with the bone.
compared to the conventional osteotomies, and re- Fig. 14_final result
2 Vaporization of granulation tissue 13,15 (if any ex- sults of a study 20 indicated that in the rat model the Fig. 15_The erbium to uncover the
ists) after raising a flap is efficient with the Erbium lased bone prepared implant sites vs. conventional submerged implant laser, with a lower risk of overheating the bone bone preparation sites developed a statistically higher Fig. 16_The uncovered implant
13,16,17 than those posed by the current diode or CO2 percentage of bone-to-implant contact. 4 One of the Fig. 17_The erbium to lase the soft
lasers. Chosen laser is Er:YAG (LiteTouch, Syneron golden rules for GBR-Guided Bone Regeneration is to medical ltd). Tip of choice is 1300 micron, noncontact Provide a good blood supply – Cortical stimulation: To Fig. 18_The soft tissue after lasing
mode (Distance between end of the tip and target tis- perforate the cortical bone to get bleeding which bring sue = 1.5 mm) set power 400mj/ 17pps = ( 6.8 watt). It with him mesenchimal cells, they transform to os- is important to vaporize the granulation tissue before teoblasts, they transform to osteocits which are re- drilling for the implant because one of the reasons for sponsible for bone formation. Decortication is per- IPL (implant peri-apical lesion) is insertion of soft tis- formed with the erbium laser (LiteTouch, Syneron sue into the site preparation for the implant. 3 Using medical ltd). The tip of choice is 1300 micron, Set the Erbium laser in non-contact mode (1.5-2 mm from power 300mj/25pps (6 watt). Noncontact mode. No the target tissue), the future location and angle of the rotary tool vibrations: reducing patient discomfort implant is outlined; and the laser is used only on the and enhancing the surgical site. Less stressful oral cortical bone. Set power: 300mj/20 pps (6 watt). As an therapy with enhanced outcomes.21,15 5 Dental im- important point of clarification, the laser does not re- plant must form and maintain integration not only place the pilot drill; it is used to create a "pilot hole" for with bone but also with connective tissue and epithe- the drill. The entire length of the implant is not lased lium- The Junctional epithelial attachment is an im- with the laser. This technology doesn't give, yet, the an- portant component of the protective permucosal soft swer to the question how to lase all the entire length tissue seal and may even limit the apical spread of mar- for the implant with out the use of rotary instruments.
ginal inflammatory that can lead to bone loss or im- Although there are some dental lasers users with a lot plant failure. If there is enough keratinized tissue, be- of experience who claim that they lase all the entire fore closing the flap it is recommended to reshaping length of the implant with the erbium .This statement the soft tissue (flap) around the implants in order to raze 2 main concerns: The first one is how to control get a better sealing. Tip of choice 200 micron, contact the depth and the second one, Which is the the fun- mode, Set power 250mj/30pps (7.5 watt). 6 Implant damental concern in any bone surgical procedure, is exposure can be done with the Er:YAG, with the Diode how to limit thermal rise to within 470C 18 in order to and with the co2 laser or other wavelengths. The big avoid damage to cellular components of bone metab- advantage of the erbium in this procedure versus the olism and delayed healing 19. Further clinical and ba- others is less zone of thermal necrosis because of the sic investigations are require to establish the clinical water spray cooling. The benefits of laser use over effectiveness and safety of the Er:YAG laser in implant scalpel include precision, incisional hemostasis and site preparation. We are not there yet although Er:YAG immediate post-operative protection through a tena- laser can promote the growth of new bone around cious coagulum surface 22, 23 Local anesthetic may placed titanium implants and better osseointegration or may not be used, depending on patient and opera- xxx _ xxx I
tor preference. A small cone of tissue is removed until from the attachment of the flap to minimize the risk of Fig. 19_drilling for the implant
near-contact with the screw is made. Tip of choice can an air embolism. Antrostomy was performed with the Fig. 20_Insertion of the implant
be the 200 or 400 or 600 or 800 or 1000 micron. The set Erbium laser to create a rectangular shape26. The Fig. 21_The erbium to open the lat-
power is around 6 watt. 7 In those crests in which the height of this window should not exceed the width of width is more than 7 mm, it is possible to insert the im- the sinus. After lasing all four flanks of the window, the Fig. 22_The lateral window per-
plant without razing a flap. With the erbium laser a bone was gently removed or pushed inside the sinus, formed with the erbium small cone of tissue is removed with the diameter of 6 taking care not to damage the Schneiderian mem- Fig. 23_The erbium to ablate the
mm. (Tip sapphire 800 mic, contact mode, set power brane 27. The sinus membrane was then lifted gently granulation tissue 300/25pps= 7.5 watt). With the 1300 mic sapphire tip, from the bony floor .A space was created after the si- Fig. 24_Detoxification of the infected
in non-contact mode (1.5-2 mm from the target tis- nus membrane has been elevated, which was then sue), the future location and angle of the implant is grafted with different material.
outlined; and the laser is used only on the cortical Experience has shown that the laser is safer to sur- bone. Set power 300mj/25pps (7.5 watt). In the mo- rounding tissue than rotating instruments 27, 28, 29 ment the location of the implant is marked it is rec- particularly when it comes to the risk of perforating ommended to reemploy the rotary instrument. 8 An the Schneiderian membrane. When adhering to the Er: YAG laser has been determined as the most suitable recommended operating parameters and tools (en- platform for this procedure. The Erbium family of ergy, tips, hand piece configuration and mode of beam lasers is the only one which delivers a tissue-cooling application - contact/non-contact). 9 Periimplantitis water spray together with the laser beam, an ex- is an inflammatory reaction that is associated with the tremely important feature when lasing bone tissue presence of a sub-marginal biofilm, with advanced 10,24 25. The tip of choice was a 1300 micron sapphire, breakdown of soft and hard tissue surrounding the en- using non-contact mode. The distance between the dosseous implant: loss of the bony support of the im- end of the tip and the target tissue should be 9mm. The energy used for this procedure was 200 milliJoules / 15 Therapeutic objectives focus on correcting techni- PPS, (3W average power). The headpiece should be al- cal defects by means of surgery and decontamination ways in constant motion very close attention paid, be- techniques: REJUVENATING. Removing mobile im- cause the bone of the lateral window is usually very plants is recommended.
thin. The Er: YAG laser does not provide good hemo- Therapeutic and surgical approaches in the con- stasis, both because of its short interaction time and ventional system include: its shallow depth of penetration. The moment a littlebleeding appears, or the Schneiderian membrane is 1. Systemic administration of antibiotics seen, the laser beam should be moved forward. The 2. Removal of supra-gingival bacterial plaque closer the beam comes to the Schneiderian membrane, 3. Removal of granulation tissue with plastic the greater the distance should be between the tip and the target tissue (the energy is controlled by the dis- 4. Detoxification of the exposed surface 31 tance between the end of the tip and target tissue).
_Mechanical brushing Pressurized air in the water spray was directed away _Air powder abrasive I xxx _ xxx
11-Insertion of implants in infected sites presents a lot of problems and some times require 2 stages of _Topical tetracycline application surgery. In conventional methods there is no tool in _Low intensity UV-radiation which in the same time provides decontamination of 5. Removal of peri-implant the target tissue: By lasing with the erbium it is possi- ble to gain decontamination of the infected site, which 6. Regeneration of peri-implant enables the doctor to save chair time and, in some of hard tissue (GBR) the cases, to avoid the second stage of implant surgery. Fig. 25_The exposed screw after
7. Plaque control Fig. 26_Two mobile implants engage
In addition to conventional treatment modalities, Er:YAG laser is an essential and indispensable tool the use of the Er: YAG laser has been increasingly pro- for implant surgery today.
Fig. 27_The erbium to ablate and de-
moted for the treatment of peri-implantitis: This wavelength shows promise and safe as an ef- contaminate the site fective new technical modality for implant therapy Fig. 28_At presentation
_The Erbium laser can make an incision for flap lift- when adhering to the recommended operating pa- Fig. 29_The erbium to ablate granu-
rameters and tools (Energy, tips, hand piece configu- lation tissue and decontamination _Vaporization of granulation tissue ration and mode of beam application - contact/non- Fig. 30_Immediate implants
_Detoxification of the implant surface32 by lasing contact). However, further clinical and basic investi- Fig. 31_Immediate implants
directly on the implant's exposed screws, using a low- gations are requiring for establishing the clinical ef- energy setting, the target tissue is disinfected together fectiveness and safety of the Er: YAG laser in implant with the implant surface15 without injuring their sur- site preparation._ faces 33-35.
The Literature list can be requested from the editorial _The laser is bactericidal 36, 37. The significant bac- terial reduction in the implant surface and the periim-plant tissues during irradiation are the main reasonsfor the erbium laser application in the treatment of Dr Avi Reyhanian
_Ablating the bone with the Er:YAG laser: remod- Private Clinic ,Netanya, Israel eling, shaping and ablating necrosis Bone 38,39,40,14 1 Shaar Haemek St. Netanya 42292, IsraelOffice: +972-9-8338825 10- In implants failure sites treatment the Er:YAG Fax: +972-9-8339890 laser assist the doctor by the mean of incision to open the flap, ablation of granulation tissue, ablation of necrotic bone and decontamination of the site for GBR

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